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VPBy The VPN and Privacy teamUpdated 6 Sept 2026Facts re-checked 6 Sept 2026Country status re-checked monthly
VPNs legal?Legal
CensorshipNo systematic blocking
ObfuscationNot needed
Blocked hereCourt-ordered DNS blocks of a small number of piracy sites via the CUII agreement (since 2021), RT and Sputnik under EU sanctions (since 2022)
The law, the ISPs and local pricing in Germany, in detail
Legal status. VPNs are fully legal in Germany. The country's distinctive risk is civil, not criminal: German copyright law allows rights holders to send Abmahnung (cease-and-desist) letters demanding several hundred euros for a single torrent, and law firms run this at industrial scale using IP addresses collected from swarms, obtained via court orders to ISPs under §101 UrhG. Germany's data retention law (Vorratsdatenspeicherung) was struck down by the CJEU in 2022 and is not in force; the coalition has proposed a replacement 'quick freeze' model. Germany is a Fourteen Eyes member. The NetzDG requires platforms to remove illegal content quickly but does not block sites. Source: UrhG §97a (Abmahnung), §101 (disclosure orders); CJEU C-793/19 SpaceNet (2022); NetzDG 2017.
What ISPs do. Telekom, Vodafone, 1&1 and O2 do not throttle VPNs. The CUII (Clearingstelle Urheberrecht im Internet) coordinates voluntary DNS blocks of piracy domains across the big ISPs; changing DNS resolver bypasses it. Frankfurt is one of the largest internet exchange points on earth, so every provider has capacity there and latency from anywhere in Germany is under 15 ms. No mobile carrier restricts VPN protocols.
Commonly blocked: Court-ordered DNS blocks of a small number of piracy sites via the CUII agreement (since 2021), RT and Sputnik under EU sanctions (since 2022).
Paying locally. Providers price in EUR with VAT included; German cards, PayPal and SEPA direct debit (some providers) work. Mullvad, being European, is the cleanest EUR purchase at a flat €5. Frankfurt, Berlin, Düsseldorf and Munich servers are standard.
Flat €5 a month, no email required, accepts cash; the privacy benchmark.
65
Owner
Amagicom AB
Jurisdiction
Sweden · Fourteen Eyes
No-logs audit
None — apps audited by Cure53, 2024
Price
from $5.40/mo
Runs oniOSAndroidMacWindowsLinuxRouterBrowserTV
For the Abmahnung problem specifically, the provider with no account email, cash or Monero payment, a Swedish court record of having nothing to hand over, and Frankfurt servers a few milliseconds from anywhere in Germany. Flat €5 with no renewal games suits a market that dislikes them.
Not a streaming VPN; port forwarding was removed in 2023.
Privacy & trust
65
Price & renewal
83
Features
76
Streaming
42
Account is a random number, no email or name
Same price forever, no intro-vs-renewal games
Accepts cash by post and Monero
Streaming unblocking is unreliable by design
Port forwarding removed in 2023
Smaller server network
Lab test pending — scored on public dataiOS app score 63/100 from 1,441 ratingsFull reviewVisit Mullvad
Swiss, non-profit-controlled, open source, with the only free tier worth using.
80
Owner
Proton Foundation
Jurisdiction
Switzerland · Outside the alliances
No-logs audit
None — apps audited by Securitum, 2025
Price
from $4.49/mo
Runs oniOSAndroidMacWindowsLinuxRouterBrowserTV
Swiss non-profit ownership, open-source audited apps, Frankfurt and Berlin servers, port forwarding for anyone who seeds, and a free tier that includes a Frankfurt exit. The privacy answer that also handles streaming.
Speeds trail NordVPN and ExpressVPN on long-haul connections; irrelevant within Germany.
Privacy & trust
73
Price & renewal
77
Features
98
Streaming
84
Controlled by a Swiss non-profit foundation since 2024
All apps open source and independently audited
Free tier with no data cap and no ads
Renewal is higher than the intro price
Free tier cannot choose a country
Speeds trail NordVPN and ExpressVPN in most tests
Lab test pending — scored on public dataiOS app score 68/100 from 101,311 ratingsFull reviewVisit Proton VPN
The biggest network and the most features; renews at nearly triple the intro price.
73
Owner
Nord Security
Jurisdiction
Panama · Outside the alliances
No-logs audit
Deloitte, 2024 (report not public)
Price
from $3.39/mo · ~$7.53/mo over 3 yrs after renewal
Runs oniOSAndroidMacWindowsLinuxRouterBrowserTV
Hundreds of German servers across Frankfurt and Berlin, the most consistent record for German streaming (ZDF, ARD, Joyn, RTL+) from abroad and US streaming from Germany, and Panama jurisdiction outside the Fourteen Eyes. P2P servers with a kill switch that works.
Two-year renewal is close to three times the intro.
Privacy & trust
65
Price & renewal
62
Features
91
Streaming
90
Largest server network in the market
NordLynx (WireGuard) is consistently fast
Four Deloitte no-logs audits since 2018
Two-year plan renews at roughly 3× the intro price
Sibling brand Surfshark is presented as a competitor
No port forwarding
Lab test pending — scored on public dataiOS app score 58/100 from 699,424 ratingsFull reviewVisit NordVPN
Open-source apps, court-proven no-logs, unlimited devices; US-based and Kape-owned.
66
Owner
Kape Technologiesalso owns review sites
Jurisdiction
United States · Five Eyes
No-logs audit
Deloitte, 2022 (report not public)
Price
from $2.03/mo · renewal price unconfirmed
Runs oniOSAndroidMacWindowsLinuxRouterBrowserTV
Port forwarding, unlimited devices, open-source apps and a court-tested no-logs claim make it the torrenter's pick where Mullvad's lack of port forwarding hurts seeding. Frankfurt and Berlin servers.
US jurisdiction and Kape ownership — outside the Fourteen Eyes but inside the Five.
Romania is outside the alliances and the company is popular in Germany, but Kape ownership and the same review-site conflict apply, and its long-plan renewal price is unclear. Merely not preferred, not unsafe.
P2P blocked, so useless against the Abmahnung problem; no independent audit; a sibling brand fined for selling browsing data.
The German problem is a letter in the post
Germany does not censor, does not throttle VPNs, and has some of the strongest privacy law in the world. What it has instead is the Abmahnung industry: law firms that monitor torrent swarms, log IP addresses, obtain the subscriber’s identity from the ISP under a §101 UrhG court order, and send a demand for several hundred to a couple of thousand euros. It is legal, it is automated, and it is why Germans use VPNs for torrenting more than for anything else.
A VPN solves it structurally. The swarm sees the VPN’s address; there is no German subscriber to identify. The two things that matter are a kill switch that actually holds when the tunnel drops — test it with the kill switch tool — and a provider that keeps no logs a German court order could reach, which is why every pick here is outside Germany and audited.
Data retention: struck down, for now
Germany’s Vorratsdatenspeicherung law has been on and off since 2008. The current version was suspended in 2017 and declared incompatible with EU law by the Court of Justice in 2022. Nothing is in force; the coalition’s “quick freeze” proposal, which would preserve data only on a specific order, is the likely replacement. This is a better position than the UK or Australia, and it is why privacy is weighted a little lower here than on those pages — but Germany is a Fourteen Eyes member with a foreign intelligence service that has broad powers, and a provider outside its reach is still the better default.
Frankfurt
DE-CIX in Frankfurt is one of the largest internet exchange points anywhere, and every VPN provider has capacity there. Latency from any German city to a Frankfurt server is under 15 ms, and a good provider on WireGuard will keep 90% or more of a fibre line’s throughput. This is the easiest country on the site for speed; it barely affects the ranking.
Streaming in both directions
Germans abroad want ZDF, ARD, Joyn, RTL+ and Sky; Germans at home want US Netflix, Hulu and BBC iPlayer. The public broadcasters geo-block much of their catalogue and the private ones block datacentre ranges. NordVPN, with the most German addresses, and Proton and ExpressVPN are the consistent performers in user reports. Mullvad, deliberately, is not a streaming provider; if that is your main use, it is the wrong pick despite ranking first for privacy.
Port forwarding for seeders
Torrent clients seed much better with a forwarded port, and this is where the picks diverge. Proton and PIA offer it; Mullvad removed it in 2023 after abuse; NordVPN has never offered it. If you seed, Proton is the privacy-first choice with port forwarding; PIA the value choice with it. If you only download, Mullvad’s lack of it does not matter.
What we have not tested
Streaming reliability and throughput are from user reports and published tests. Our own tests from a German line are planned; the date at the top is when the facts were last checked.
iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, Linux, Router, Browser · not TV
iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, Linux, Router, Browser, TV
iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, Linux, Router, Browser, TV
iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, Linux, Router, Browser, TV
Devices
5
10
10
Unlimited
Countries
49
117
126
91
WireGuard
✓
✓
✓
✓
Kill switch
✓
✓
✓
✓
Obfuscation
✓
✓
✓
✓
RAM-only servers
✓
?
✓
✓
Open-source apps
✓
✓
✗
✓
Split tunnelling
✓
✓
✓
✓
Multi-hop
✓
✓
✓
✓
Port forwarding
✗
✓
✗
✓
Ad blocker
✓
✓
✓
✓
P2P allowed
✓
✓
✓
✓
Free tier
✗
✓
✗
✗
Netflix
Unreliable
Works
Works
Works
BBC iPlayer
Unreliable
Works
Works
Unreliable
Works in China
Unreliable
Unreliable
Unreliable
Unreliable
Works in UAE
Unreliable
Works
Works
Unreliable
Cash / crypto
cash, crypto
cash, crypto
crypto
crypto
Live chat
✗
✓
✓
✓
iOS app score
63/100 (4.1★)
68/100 (4.6★)
58/100 (4.7★)
81/100 (4.7★)
Our lab test
Pending
Pending
Pending
Pending
Frequently asked questions
Is it legal to use a VPN in Germany?
Yes, for any lawful purpose. Copyright infringement stays infringement with or without a VPN; what a VPN changes is whether a law firm can obtain your identity from your ISP, because the IP in the torrent swarm is the VPN's, not yours.
What is an Abmahnung and how does a VPN prevent one?
A cease-and-desist letter from a law firm, typically demanding €500–1,500 for a single downloaded film or album, sent after the firm logs your IP in a torrent swarm and obtains your identity from your ISP under a court order. Germany sends more of these than any country. A VPN with a working kill switch means the swarm only ever sees the VPN's address, so there is no identity to obtain.
Does Germany have data retention?
Not in force. The Vorratsdatenspeicherung law was suspended in 2017 and ruled incompatible with EU law by the Court of Justice in 2022. The coalition has proposed a 'quick freeze' alternative — preserving data on a specific order — which is narrower. ISPs still keep some data for billing. The Fourteen Eyes membership is the more durable reason to prefer a provider outside Germany.
Which VPN works for ZDF, ARD and Joyn from abroad?
The public broadcasters geo-block much of their catalogue outside Germany; NordVPN, Proton and ExpressVPN with German servers are the most consistent in user reports. RTL+ and Joyn are stricter and need a German payment method for premium tiers.
Should I use a German VPN provider?
Germany has strong privacy law and a court record of refusing blanket retention, so a German provider is not a bad choice. It is a Fourteen Eyes member, though, and the BND has broad foreign-intelligence powers. The picks here are Swedish, Swiss, Panamanian and US, all with audited no-logs claims, which removes the question.
Do German ISPs block anything?
A short list of piracy sites, by DNS, under the CUII voluntary agreement, plus RT and Sputnik under EU sanctions. Changing your DNS resolver bypasses the CUII blocks; a VPN does too, as a side effect.